Antimicrobial effect of toothbrush with light emitting diode on dental biofilm attached to zirconia surface: an in vitro study

Jong Hew Park; Yong-Gun Kim; Heung-Sik Um; Si Young Lee; Jae-Kwan Lee; Beom-Seok Chang

doi:10.14368/jdras.2019.35.3.160

https://doi.org/10.14368/jdras.2019.35.3.160

지르코니아 표면에 부착된 바이오필름에 대한 LED 치솔의 항균효과

Antimicrobial effect of toothbrush with light emitting diode on dental biofilm attached to zirconia surface: an in vitro study

J Dent Rehabil Appl Sci 2019;35(3):160-169

Published online September 30, 2019

박종휴¹, 김용건², 엄흥식¹, 이시영³, 이재관^1*, 장범석^1*

Jong Hew Park¹, Yong-Gun Kim², Heung-Sik Um¹, Si Young Lee³, Jae-Kwan Lee^1*, Beom-Seok Chang^1*

¹강릉원주대학교 치과대학 치주과학교실 및 구강과학연구소
²경북대학교 치과대학 치주과학교실
³강릉원주대학교 치과대학 미생물학 및 면역학교실

¹Department of Periodontology and Research Institute of Oral Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Dentistry, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
²Department of Periodontology, Kyungpook National University School of Dentistry, Daegu, Republic of Korea
³Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Research Institute of Oral Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Dentistry, Gangneung, Republic of Korea

*Jae-Kwan Lee
Professor, Department of Periodontology and Research Institute of Oral Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Dentistry, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung, 25457, Republic of Korea
Tel: +82-33-640-3199, Fax: +82-33-640-3103, E-mail: periojk@gwnu.ac.kr
*Beom-Seok Chang
Professor, Department of Periodontology and Research Institute of Oral Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Dentistry, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung, 25457, Republic of Korea
Tel: +82-33-640-3188, Fax: +82-33-640-3113, E-mail: dentist@gwnu.ac.kr

Received August 27, 2019; Revised August 31, 2019; Accepted September 1, 2019.

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract: 목적: 이번 연구의 목적은 정적인 방법과 동적인 방법으로 형성된 지르코니아 표면에 부착된 바이오필름에 대한 LED 칫솔의 항균 효과를 평가하고자 하였다.
연구 재료 및 방법: 구강 바이오필름을 형성하기 위해 직경 12 mm, 두께 2.5 mm의 지르코니아 디스크를 24-well plate(정적 방법)와 Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) biofilm reactor (동적 방법)에 디스크를 넣어 바이오필름을 형성하였다. 디스크는 아무 처치도 하지 않은 대조군, 상용화된 광역학(PDT) 키트, 치솔질(brushing) 단독, LED 치솔군, LED 치솔과 에리스로신을 같이 적용한 군, 이렇게 5개 그룹으로 구성하였다. 각 군별 처치 후, 개별 디스크를 시험관에 넣고 60 초 동안 vortexing하여 세균을 분리한 후, 분리된 세균 용액을 선택 배지를 이용하여 살아있는 세균 수를 확인한 후 실험 방법에 따른 항균 효과를 계측하였고, 주사전자현미경(SEM)을 통하여 세균의 형태 변화를 관찰하였다.
결과: 바이오필름의 형성과 구성비는 동적인 방법과 정적인 방법에 따른 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 대조군과 실험군간에 세균의 생존률에 유의한 차이가 있었다(P < 0.05). LED 치솔과 에리스로신을 같이 적용한 군에서 가장 높은 항균 효과가 관찰되었다(P < 0.05). 주사전자현미경 사진상에서 광역학치료군과, LED 치솔군, LED 치솔과 에리스로신을 같이 적용한 군은 세균의 형태 변화가 관찰되었으나, 대조군과 치솔질 단독 사용군에서는 세균의 형태 변화가 관찰되지 않았다.
결론: 이번 연구 결과 지르코니아 표면에 부착된 바이오필름을 효과적으로 제거하는 방법으로 LED 치솔과 에리스로신을 같이 적용하는 것이 추천된다.; Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of a toothbrush with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on periodontitis-associated dental biofilm attached to a zirconia surface by static and dynamic methods. Materials and Methods: Zirconia disks (12 mm diameter, 2.5 mm thickness) were inserted into a 24-well plate (static method) or inside a Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) biofilm reactor (dynamic method) to form dental biofilms using Streptococcus gordonii and Fusobacterium nucleatum. The disks with biofilm were subdivided into five treatment groups-control, commercial photodynamic therapy (PDT), toothbrush alone (B), brush with LED (BL), and brush with LED+erythrosine (BLE). After treatment, the disks were agitated to detach the bacteria, and the resulting solutions were spread directly on selective agar. The number of viable bacteria and percentage of bacterial reduction were determined from colony counts. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to visualize alterations in bacterial morphology. Results: No significant difference in biofilm formation was observed between dynamic and static methods. A significant difference was observed in the number of viable bacteria between the control and all experimental groups (P < 0.05). The percentage of bacterial reduction in the BLE group was significantly higher than in the other treated groups (P < 0.05). SEM revealed damaged bacterial cell walls in the PDT, BL, and BLE groups, but intact cell walls in the control and B groups. Conclusion: The findings suggest that an LED toothbrush with erythrosine is more effective than other treatments in reducing the viability of periodontitis-associated bacteria attached to zirconia in vitro.; 주요어 : 바이로필름; 에리스로신; 임플란트주위 질환; 광역학치료; 치솔질; Keywords : biofilm; erythrosine; peri-implant disease; photochemotherapy; toothbrushing