Differences in scores between groups were analyzed for each scoring item pertaining to carved tooth
| S | Group | N | Mean | SD | Median | Mean rank | Rank sum | U | Z | Effect size | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S1 | G1 | 50 | 7.08 | 1.43 | 6.00 | 31.37 | 1568.50 | 293.500 | 5.902 | 0.000 |
0.707 |
| G2 | 40 | 9.10 | 1.01 | 9.00 | 63.16 | 2526.50 | |||||
| S2 | G1 | 50 | 6.78 | 1.00 | 6.00 | 29.69 | 1484.50 | 209.500 | 6.591 | 0.000 |
0.790 |
| G2 | 40 | 8.70 | 0.99 | 9.00 | 65.26 | 2610.50 | |||||
| S3 | G1 | 50 | 6.86 | 1.31 | 6.00 | 29.43 | 1467.00 | 192.000 | 6.814 | 0.000 |
0.808 |
| G2 | 40 | 9.28 | 1.01 | 10.00 | 65.70 | 2628.00 | |||||
| S4 | G1 | 50 | 6.92 | 1.18 | 6.00 | 31.56 | 1578.00 | 303.000 | 5.826 | 0.000 |
0.697 |
| G2 | 40 | 8.65 | 1.10 | 9.00 | 62.93 | 2517.00 | |||||
| S5 | G1 | 50 | 6.60 | 0.95 | 6.00 | 27.29 | 1364.50 | 89.500 | 7.678 | 0.000 |
0.910 |
| G2 | 40 | 9.28 | 0.96 | 10.00 | 68.26 | 2730.50 | |||||
| S6 | G1 | 50 | 6.70 | 1.07 | 6.00 | 29.68 | 1484.00 | 209.000 | 6.705 | 0.000 |
0.791 |
| G2 | 40 | 9.08 | 1.35 | 10.00 | 65.28 | 2611.00 | |||||
| S7 | G1 | 50 | 6.16 | 0.47 | 6.00 | 29.68 | 1484.00 | 209.000 | 7.069 | 0.000 |
0.791 |
| G2 | 40 | 7.63 | 1.00 | 8.00 | 65.28 | 2611.00 | |||||
| S8 | G1 | 50 | 6.28 | 0.73 | 6.00 | 29.71 | 1485.50 | 210.500 | 6.930 | 0.000 |
0.789 |
| G2 | 40 | 7.95 | 1.11 | 8.00 | 65.24 | 2609.50 | |||||
| S9 | G1 | 50 | 16.90 | 1.18 | 16.00 | 31.52 | 1576.00 | 301.000 | 5.865 | 0.000 |
0.699 |
| G2 | 40 | 18.68 | 1.12 | 19.00 | 62.98 | 2519.00 |
G1: In 2021, a group of students engaged in tooth carving practice using a conventional textbook, G2: In 2022, a group of students engaged in tooth carving practice using an augmented reality mobile application that provided a step-by-step guide, N: number of carved tooth, S: scoring items, S1: mesiodistal to labiolingual length ratio, S2: mesial and distal length, S3: cervical curvature, S4: slope of the labial surface, S5: shape of fossa, S6: shape of ridges, S7: shape of developmental groove, S8: shape of incisal edge, S9: difference between mesial and distal surface, geometric shape for each surface, SD: standard deviation.
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